Morphogenesis through mechanical instabilities: how the physics of growth can shape biological matter
Tissue morphogenesis gives rise to complex and adapted biological structures. Growing algae, plants and fungi take advantage of mechanical phenomena and instabilities: wrinkles at the surface of kelp blades, inversion of the leaf curvature or fungal sporophore deployment. In each case, the growth can be simulated using finite element method, and experimentally reproduced. This physical study of morphogenesis aims to enhance our knowledge of living organisms and draws inspiration for biomimetic engineering.